Erich Leinsdorf

別名：埃里希·萊因斯多夫

國(guó)籍：歐美

生日：1912-02-04

埃里希萊因斯多夫Erich Leinsdorf1912.2.4－1993.9.11美籍奧地利指揮家，原名 Erich Landauer，1912年2月4日出生于維也納。5歲開(kāi)始在本地的音樂(lè)學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)，8歲學(xué)習(xí)鋼琴。后進(jìn)入維也納大學(xué)音樂(lè)系，1931進(jìn)入維也納音樂(lè)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)指揮，并于1933年獲Diplom（相等于碩士）。他在維也納完成學(xué)業(yè)，在接下來(lái)的一年他在薩爾斯堡音樂(lè)節(jié)上成為瓦爾特和托斯卡尼尼的助手。1937年他在大都會(huì)歌劇院首演，1938年“德奧合并”后，因?yàn)槠洫q太人的身份逃往美國(guó)，并在1942年入籍。

戰(zhàn)后他也間或回歐洲演出，但他的事業(yè)重心還是在美國(guó)。他被認(rèn)為是瓦格納專家，指揮“圖蘭朵”也很具水平。一方面由于他接受的教育，另一方面他的劇目，萊因斯多夫被認(rèn)為是典型的歌劇指揮家。另外，他和米爾斯坦合作的小提琴協(xié)奏曲也被認(rèn)為是最為成功的作品。1962年他成為波士頓交響樂(lè)團(tuán)的指揮。1978-1980年他擔(dān)任柏林廣播交響樂(lè)團(tuán)首席指揮。

1993年9月11日病逝于蘇黎世。

從藝歷程：Leinsdorf was born to a Jewish family in Vienna, and was studying music at a local school by the age of 5. He played the cello and studied composition. In his teens, Leinsdorf worked as a piano accompanist for singers. He studied conducting at the Mozarteum in Salzburg, and later at the University of Vienna and the Vienna Academy of Music. From 1934 to 1937 he worked as an assistant to the noted conductors Bruno Walter and Arturo Toscanini at the Salzburg Festival.

In November 1937, Leinsdorf travelled to the United States to take up a position as assistant conductor at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City. As it turned out, his departure from Austria came a few short months ahead of the Anschluss of March 1938, when the country was taken over by Nazi Germany. With the assistance of freshman Representative from Texas Lyndon B. Johnson,[3] he was able to stay in the United States, and became a naturalized American citizen in 1942.[1]

While at the Met, Leinsdorf was particularly noted for his Wagner performances; after the sudden death of Artur Bodanzky in 1939, he was named the Met's "head of German repertoire".[1][4] From 1943 he had a brief three-year post as Music Director of the Cleveland Orchestra, but was absent for much of this tenure because he was drafted into the United States Armed Forces for World War II; the orchestra did not renew Leinsdorf's contract. Many years later, in the transition in Cleveland from Lorin Maazel to Christoph von Dohnányi between 1982 and 1984, Leinsdorf returned to lead several concerts; Leinsdorf described his role as "the bridge between the regimes".[4]

Leinsdorf was the principal conductor of the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra from 1947 to 1955. He came to despair of what he saw as Rochester's insular musical culture, famously remarking that "Rochester is the best disguised dead end in the world!" Subsequently, he was briefly head of the New York City Opera, before resuming his association with the Met.[1] In 1962 he was named music director of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. His time in Boston produced many recordings for RCA, but was also marked by controversy, as he occasionally clashed with musicians and administrators.[2]

On November 22, 1963, during a Boston Symphony concert, Leinsdorf had to announce the reports of President John F. Kennedy's assassination in Dallas, Texas to a shocked audience. He and the orchestra followed the news with a performance of the Funeral March from Beethoven's third symphony.[5] In 1969 Leinsdorf left the Boston post. He would continue to guest-conduct operas and orchestras around the world for the next two decades, being particularly associated with the Metropolitan Opera and the New York Philharmonic. He also served from 1978 to 1980 as principal conductor of the (West) Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra.[2] He died of cancer in Zürich, Switzerland, at the age of 81.

Leinsdorf is also known for his arrangements of orchestral concert suites of music from major operas. They include: Claude Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande, Richard Wagner's Parsifal, and Richard Strauss's Die Frau ohne Schatten.