Maria Kalaniemi

小簡(jiǎn)介????
瑪麗亞·卡拉涅米 Maria Kalaniemi
??? 芬蘭手風(fēng)琴女將瑪麗亞·卡拉涅米出生于1964年，八歲起便學(xué)習(xí)五排鍵手風(fēng)琴。長(zhǎng)大后進(jìn)入西貝柳斯音樂學(xué)院，她很幸運(yùn)。她是西貝流士音樂學(xué)院「民謠音樂學(xué)系」創(chuàng)系的第一屆學(xué)生，拜在HeikkiLaitinen的門下。HeikkiLaitinen鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生采集傳統(tǒng)民謠作品，從傳統(tǒng)中去創(chuàng)新，尤其側(cè)重民謠體系里的即興精神。
??? 瑪麗亞·卡拉涅米在西貝柳斯音樂學(xué)院的民謠學(xué)系就讀十年，剛開始學(xué)習(xí)古典手風(fēng)琴，而后修習(xí)曼陀林、小提琴、kantele箏，然后學(xué)習(xí)作曲、理論作曲、即興與演出。并在1983年奪得芬蘭的「手風(fēng)琴金獎(jiǎng)」（GoldenAccordion），順利邁入唱片錄音生涯。
??? 瑪麗亞·卡拉涅米的手風(fēng)琴演奏風(fēng)格迥異于我們一般聽到的民謠手風(fēng)琴，節(jié)奏來自民謠，但旋律來自古典音樂與一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的搖滾，中期的作品更出現(xiàn)大量的爵士即興。她最為人稱道之處是發(fā)明了所謂的「自由貝斯」（free-bass）技巧。
??? 一般手風(fēng)琴演奏，左手是按圓鈕（stud），右手是按琴鍵盤。只用圓鈕演奏的手風(fēng)琴，稱之為buttonaccordion，結(jié)合圓鈕與琴鍵盤者稱之為pianoaccordion。演奏pianoaccordion時(shí)，樂手用左手按下部份按鈕演奏單音，另外一些按鈕則是事先設(shè)定好的和弦。如果只演奏單音，而不使用和弦，則稱之為free-bass。
??? 瑪麗亞·卡拉涅米用free-bass的手法演奏旋律，讓她的作曲與編曲都空間大為開展。此外，她巧妙利用風(fēng)箱，而非死命拉開闔上，使得演奏風(fēng)格有種耐聽的靜謐情味。
??? 瑪麗亞·卡拉涅米在1983年組了一支純女子的民謠樂隊(duì)Niekku，將芬蘭民謠推進(jìn)前所未見的領(lǐng)域。她們的作品一半是傳統(tǒng)民謠、一半是新創(chuàng)作曲，全部使用原音樂器。連續(xù)出版三張唱片，成為「芬蘭新民謠運(yùn)動(dòng)」的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團(tuán)體。
??? 1995年，她另組了Aldargaz樂團(tuán)，多數(shù)作品由瑪麗亞·卡拉涅米與鋼琴手TimoAlakotila合寫。在1996年奪得芬蘭教育部頒發(fā)的「芬蘭獎(jiǎng)」（PrizeofFinland），這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)一向頒給古典音樂、
??? 爵士樂與流行樂界歌手，瑪麗亞·卡拉涅米是第一個(gè)得到此獎(jiǎng)的民謠樂手。1996年，她又組了一支AccordionTribe五重奏，是來自五個(gè)國(guó)家、五支不一樣的手風(fēng)琴，展開十八個(gè)國(guó)家的巡回演出。
??? 目前，瑪麗亞·卡拉涅米任教于西貝柳斯音樂學(xué)院。
by Craig Harris
Maria Kalaniemi trained as a classical accordion player for 11 years, but her greatest musical success has come through her mastery of the folk traditions of Finland. In addition to three memorable solo albums, Kalaniemi has been essential to recordings and performances by such top-ranked Finnish folk groups as Niekku, Aldargaz, the Helsinki Melodeon Ladies Quintet, and Zeta Bop.
Playing the five-row button accordion from the age of eight, Kalaniemi has had an illustrious career. As the winner of the prestigious Golden Accordion award, she recorded her debut album, Kultaisen Harmonikan Voittaja, in 1983. Released by the Accordion Institute of Ikaalinen, the album showcased Kalaniemi's talents for interpreting traditional Finnish dance tunes. Enrolling in the Folk Music department of the Sibelius Academy in Helsinki, Kalaniemi continued to strengthen her musical skills. In addition to studying traditional music, she took classes in music theory, improvisation, and performance. While the accordion remained her prime instrument, she learned to play mandolin, violin, and kantele, a zither-like instrument. Together with other students, Kalaniemi formed a band, Niekku. An all-woman group, with the exception of violinist Arto Jarvela, later of JPP, Niekku brought a contemporary vision to the traditional music of Finland and became leaders of the New Finnish Folk movement.
Although she briefly studied with accordionist Marcel Azzola in France, Kalamieni returned to complete her studies at the Sibelius Academy. Graduating in 1990, she began experimenting with the classical-oriented technique of using her left hand to create free-bass melodies. Taking two years to master, the technique provided new composition, arrangement, and performance possibilities.
Kalamieni released her first album as a professional musician, a self-titled collection of traditional Finnish and Swedish folk tunes, polkas, tangos, and original compositions, on the Finnish Olarin Musiikii label in 1992. The album was subsequently reissued in the United States on the Xenophile label and, later, on the Finlandia Innovators Series label.
Along with JPP, Kalamieni toured the United States with the Finnish Fever tour in 1994. The following year, she formed a new band, Aldargaz, with Arto Jarvela and pianist Timo Alakotila of JPP, mandolinist Petri Hakla, guitarist Olli Varis, and bassist Tapani Varis. The group's debut album, Iho, released in Finland in July 1995, was reissued by Ryko/Hannibal two years later. In 1996, the band became the first folk group to receive the Prize of Finland, awarded by the Minister of Education for "excellence in music." Aldargaz released their second album, Ahma, in January 1999. At the same time, Kalamieni began collaborating with a wide variety of musicians including ethnic/jazz fusion band Zeta Bob and Finnish vocalist Katri Helena. Together with Riitta Kossi of Varttina she formed the Helsinki Melodeon Ladies Quintet. In 1996 she became one of five accordionists from five different countries to comprise the Accordion Tribe.
Kalamieni remained busy in 1997. In addition to receiving a three-year artist's grant from the Finnish state, she toured Sweden twice and collaborated with singer/actor/flautist Vesa-Matti Loiri, playing on his album Rurja and touring Finland as a member of his band. The following year, she organized and performed at the Harmonikka Accordion Festival and continued to explore an eclectic range of musical settings. Together with Olli Varis, she formed a group, Andetagen, with accordionists Lars Hollmer and Kimmo Pohjonen, and recorded a vocal improvisation album, Pidot, with Heikki Laitinen and Anna-Kaisa Liedes. In January 1999, Kalamieni performed at the Celtic Connection Festival in Glasgow, along with Sharon Shannon in Ireland and Karen Tweed in England. The same year, she participated in a French production of Prokofiev's "Peter and the Wolf." 2001 saw the release of her Northside album, Ahma.