Scott Joplin

被尊稱為Ragtime之王的Scott Joplin是前Jazz時(shí)代最重要的作曲家和鋼琴演奏家。一生創(chuàng)作過很多樂曲及部分的歌劇作品?？上Т媪粼谑赖牟⒉皇呛芏?。隨著十九世紀(jì)八十年代后期 Ragtime開始形成并興起，Scott Joplin才開始被更廣泛的提及。在一定意義上，Scott Joplin是Ragtime的始作俑者之一。他與James Scott、Joseph Lamb等一同開創(chuàng)了Ragtime并使之成為一個(gè)完整的音樂流派，也標(biāo)示著Jazz時(shí)代的來臨。 Scott Joplin的一生都處于Ragtime的中心直到其去世。而這也宣告Ragtime被Jazz取代的開始。建議聽Scott Joplin的同時(shí)和Jelly Roll Morton的作品做比較。可以找到一些Ragtime到Jazz之間的脈絡(luò)。關(guān)于Jelly Roll Morton之前傳過兩個(gè)共11CD的套裝。這里不細(xì)訴。 Scott Joplin的演奏輕松、隨興、帶有濃郁的民歌韻味，可以隨之翩翩起舞。唯一和爵士有區(qū)別的是，Ragtime本身不太提倡即興的演奏，即使曲子的架構(gòu)上有不少即興成分。
by David N. Lewis
Scott Joplin was the King of Ragtime Writers, a composer who elevated banjo piano playing, a lowly entertainment associated with saloons and brothels, into an American art form loved by millions. Born in Texas in either 1867 or 1868, Joplin was raised in Texarkana, the son of a laborer and former slave. As a child, Joplin taught himself piano on an instrument belonging to a white family that granted him access to it, and ultimately studied with a local, German-born teacher who introduced Joplin to classical music. Joplin attended high school in Sedalia, MO, a town that would serve as Joplins home base during his most prosperous years, and where a museum now bears his name.
In 1891, the first traceable evidence of Joplins music career is found, placing him in a minstrel troupe in Texarkana. In 1893, he played in Chicago during the Columbian Exposition was held, reportedly leading a band with a cornet. Afterward, Joplin settled in Sedalia, worked with other brass bands and founding a vocal group called the Texas Medley Quartette. During an 1895 appearance in Syracuse, NY, the quality of Joplins original songs for the Texas Medley Quartette so impressed a group of local businessmen that they arranged for Joplins first publications. Around 1896, Joplin enrolled in Sedalias George R. Smith College for Negroes to study formally, publishing a few more pieces in the years to follow.
In 1899, publisher John Stark of Sedalia issued Joplins second ragtime composition, Maple Leaf Rag. It didnt catch on like wildfire immediately, but within a few years the popularity of Maple Leaf Rag was so enormous that it made Joplins name; and Joplin earned a small percentage of income from it for the rest of his days, helping to stabilize him in his last years. By the end of 1899, Joplin presented his first ambitious work, the ballet The Ragtime Dance, at the Wood Opera House in Sedalia. It didnt appear in print until 1902, and then only in a truncated form. Joplin moved to St. Louis in 1901, as did Stark, who set his new publishing venture up as The House of Classic Rags. Joplin wrote many of the other rags he is known for during this time, including The Entertainer, The Easy Winners, and Elite Syncopations.
In 1903, Joplin organized a touring company to perform his first opera, A Guest of Honor, which foundered after a couple of months, leaving Joplin destitute. He had recovered well enough to appear at the 1904 St. Louis Worlds Fair to present his rag The Cascades, which proved his second great success. Joplin also married for a second time to a woman who died only a few weeks into their marriage after a bout with pneumonia, plunging Joplin into another bout of despair. During a visit to Chicago in 1907 he renewed an acquaintance with the St. Louis pianist Louis Chauvin, who did not long outlast the visit. Joplin utilized a strain drawn from Chauvins playing into the finest of his collaborative rags, Heliotrope Bouquet. This was published after Joplin moved to New York in 1907. Stark had also resettled there, and they resumed their partnership to some degree, but Joplin also published through Seminary Music, likewise home to aspiring songwriter Irving Berlin. Through Seminary many of the best of his late works appeared, such as Pine Apple Rag, the transparently beautiful Mexican serenade Solace, and the harmonically adventurous Euphonic Sounds.
From 1911 until his death in 1917 most of Joplins efforts went into his second opera, Treemonishia, which he heard in concert but never managed to stage during his own lifetime. With his third wife, Lotte Joplin, Joplin formed his own music company and published his final piano rag, Magnetic Rag (1914), one of his best. By this time, debilitating, long-term effects of syphilis were beginning to break down Joplins health, although he did manage to make seven hand-played piano rolls in 1916 and 1917; though heavily edited, these rolls are as close as one is likely to get to hearing Joplins own playing. One of them is W.C. Handys Ole Miss Rag, which suggests that Joplin might have had a hand in its composition or arrangement. Joplin was tireless and selfless in his advocacy of his fellow ragtime composers, collaborating with James Scott, Arthur Marshall, Louis Chauvin, and Scott Hayden and helping to arrange others by Artie Matthews and the white New Jersey composer Joseph Lamb, whose work Joplin pitched to Stark.
Maple Leaf Rag remained a constant in popular music throughout the Jazz Age, but the better part of Joplins work remained unknown until the ragtime revival of the early 70s, during which Scott Joplin became a household name and Treemonishia was finally staged by the Houston Grand Opera. Although primary sources on Joplins music were still extant as late as the late 40s, today not a single manuscript page in Joplins hand still exists and only three photographs of him have survived, along with precious few first-hand quotations. Joplin died in a mental facility convinced that he had failed in his mission to achieve success as an African-American composer of serious music. Were he alive today, Joplin would be astounded to learn that, a century after his work was first printed, he is the most successful African-American composer of serious music that ever lived — by far. Some of his works have been recorded hundreds of times and arranged for practically every conceivable instrumental combination, played by everything from symphony orchestras to ice cream trucks. For a couple of generations of Americans who have even never heard of Stephen Foster, the music of Scott Joplin represents the old, traditional order of all things American.