Ali Akbar Khan

小簡(jiǎn)介
阿里阿卡巴汗(Ali Akber Khan) 是印度沙羅達(dá)琴(Saroda)大師。沙羅達(dá)琴是六條主弦，9或11條共鳴弦的弦鳴樂(lè)器，以義甲演奏，聲音有點(diǎn)像西班牙的古典吉他。阿里阿卡巴汗于1922年出生在印度中部麥哈(Maihar)地方的音樂(lè)世家。父親 阿勞汀汗(Ustad Allauddin Khan)也是北印度的奇才，除了演奏沙羅達(dá)琴，大師對(duì)其他北印度的樂(lè)器舒拉新格(Sursingar) 小提琴、 塔不拉( Tabla)樣樣精通。阿里阿卡巴汗 除了向父親學(xué)沙羅達(dá)琴外，也向不同樂(lè)派的老師學(xué)習(xí)土魯帕德(Dhrupad)及卡哈也(Khayal)等興都斯坦尼的聲樂(lè)。
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阿里在13歲就在阿拉哈拉甲(Allaharaja)表演，20歲那年他已經(jīng)是馬哈拉甲(Maharaja)及久達(dá)譜(Jodhpur)的宮廷樂(lè)師。1972年父親過(guò)逝，阿里立志要繼承父志，全心全力的投入印度傳統(tǒng)音樂(lè)的表演或作曲的工作。大師也為印度孟加拉國(guó)(Bengali) 卡舒希多 帕山電影(Kshudhito Pashan) 及地威(Devi)和興地(Hindi)電影安希源(Andhiyan)的配樂(lè)，此時(shí)他不僅是稱(chēng)職的音樂(lè)家，他獨(dú)具國(guó)際觀(guān)，希望能有機(jī)會(huì)將印度音樂(lè)推向世界。1955年，他終于被美國(guó)古典大師史貝克推薦，受邀在紐約的現(xiàn)代蕓術(shù)博物館表演，這是印度音樂(lè)從未有過(guò)的殊榮。從此他受到國(guó)際表演蕓術(shù)的新星，不到二年，受邀到亞洲、非洲、歐洲荷蘭、澳洲、加拿大、美國(guó)各大城市表演。并在日本、加拿大、美國(guó)加州成立AMMP印度音樂(lè)學(xué)校。1956年他又回加爾各達(dá)成立音樂(lè)學(xué)院。作育英才！
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這時(shí)阿里阿卡巴汗乘他日隆的聲譽(yù)，他適時(shí)的發(fā)表五種創(chuàng)新的拉格(Raga)，在印度不是一般的樂(lè)師可為的。這五種拉格成為阿里阿卡巴汗的代表作。錢(qián)德那單(Chandrannadan) 瓜力滿(mǎn)力(Gauri-Manjari)、拉甲萬(wàn)提(Lajwanti)西瓦藍(lán)加尼(Mishra-Shivaranjani)、欣興都爾(Hem-Hindol)。
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阿里阿卡巴汗的演湊出神入化，個(gè)人風(fēng)格的拉格(Raga)更是好的沒(méi)話(huà)說(shuō)，常和大師搭配的塔不拉(Tabla)大師，如札奇胡珊(Zakir Hussain) ，敲德福利潘(Swapan Chaudhuri)及其它帕卡瓦甲(Pakhawaj)或興都斯坦尼的聲樂(lè)師，都是大師搭配的搭擋。?
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阿里阿卡巴汗一生獲獎(jiǎng)無(wú)數(shù)。1963獲頒印度總統(tǒng)獎(jiǎng)/1963 Sangeet Natak Akademi Award/1988 Pagmaa Bhushan,Padama Vibushan 1992 Sangeet Natak Fellowship 等多項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)座。亦獲頒美國(guó)加州蕓大和加爾各達(dá)大學(xué)的榮譽(yù)博士學(xué)位。并于1970/1983/1996/1997 四度獲美國(guó)格來(lái)美獎(jiǎng)提名。阿里阿卡巴汗在印度音樂(lè)有”印度的巴哈” 及”國(guó)家的活國(guó)寶”尊稱(chēng)。誠(chéng)當(dāng)之無(wú)愧！
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阿里阿卡巴汗出版的唱片CD無(wú)數(shù)，其中最重要有一套Signature Series 是Maker Liverson 于1970年以真空管錄音的，當(dāng)時(shí)是以音響測(cè)試片風(fēng)行，也是筆者的印度音樂(lè)啟蒙片，錄音棒、音樂(lè)佳，全套五張，值得收藏。 ?
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The son of influential Hindustani musician Allaudin Khan, Ali Akbar Khan is one of the Eastern worlds greatest musicians. A master of the sarod, a 25-stringed, lute-like, Indian instrument, Khan has brought the Northern Indian classical music to the international stage. A five-time Grammy nominee, Khan was called, by Yehudi Menuhin, an absolute genius, the greatest musician in the world. Tracing his ancestral roots to Mian Tansen, a 16th century musician in the court of Emperor Akbar, Khan began studying music at the age of three. Initially studying vocal music with his father, he studied drums with his uncle, Fakir Aftabuddin. Although he tried playing a wide variety of instruments, he felt most comfortable on the sarod. Training and practicing 18 hours a day, he slowly mastered the instrument. In 1936, he made his public debut during a concert in Allahabad. In the early 40s, Khan became a court musician for the Maharaja of Judhpur. He soon acquired the title Ustad (master musician).
In 1955, Khan accepted an invitation from Menuhin to perform in the United States. In addition to performing at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, he recorded the first Western album of Indian classical music and became the first Indian music on an American television when he appeared on Alistair Cookes Omnibus. In 1971, Khan performed with his brother-in-law, Ravi Shankar, during George Harrisons Concert for Bangladesh at Madison Square Garden. Khan received numerous awards including the President of India Award in 1963, the Padma Vibhusan in 1988, the Bill Graham Lifetime Achievement award in 1993, and the Asian Paints Shiromani Hall of Fame Award in 1997. He received the Kalidas Sanman from the Madya Pradesh Academy of Music And Fine Arts and became the first Indian musician to be awarded a MacArthur Foundation Genius Grant in 1991. Khan received a National Heritage Fellowship from the National Endowment of the Arts in 1997.
In 1956, Khan founded the Ali Akbar Khan College of Music in Calcutta. Teaching in the United States since 1965, he opened the Ali Akbar College of Music in Berkeley, CA, two years later. In 1968, the school moved to its present site in San Rafael. Khan teaches six classes a week for nine months a year. In the early 90s, the school opened branches in Fremont, CA, and Basel, Switzerland. The lengthy list of films featuring Khans music includes Chetan Anands Aandhiyan, Satyajit Rays Devi, and Bernardo Bertoluccis Little Buddha. He received a Best Musician of the Year award for his soundtrack for the film Khudita Pashan.