Amália Rodrigues

小簡(jiǎn)介
葡萄牙最出色的法朵皇后，歌手Amalia Rodrigues，1920年出生在里斯本的 Alfama區(qū)，她有10個(gè)兄妹，在她1歲的時(shí)候就被母親拋棄，由祖母撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大，小時(shí)候做過縫紉工，并沿街兜售水果蔬菜。她小時(shí)候苦難的經(jīng)歷使她日后演唱貧苦大眾的心聲提供了良好的創(chuàng)作基礎(chǔ)。
長(zhǎng)大后，她違背家族的意愿，成為一個(gè)探戈舞蹈演員，在19歲時(shí)，她跟隨她的姐姐 Celeste在里斯本當(dāng)?shù)胤浅r(shí)髦的夜總會(huì)Retiro da Severa. 參加了第一次唱歌演出，一年之內(nèi)，她就成了當(dāng)?shù)氐拿餍?，每個(gè)晚上的演出都是觀眾爆滿，1944年，她到巴西Copacabana Casino演出時(shí)，引起了極大的轟動(dòng)，此后不久，她回到Rio de Janeiero 錄制了她的第一張唱片。Rodrigues 不僅在整個(gè)南美國(guó)家宣傳Fado，她最杰出的成就是：對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的Fado進(jìn)行了革新—把鄉(xiāng)村來自貧民區(qū)形式的里斯本Fado（生命的哀調(diào)）和城市里的 Coibmra（葡萄牙一所非常著名和古老的大學(xué)）Fado（學(xué)術(shù)形、講究技術(shù)的浪漫Fado）完美地融合起來，并且她還把以往的Fado只從傳統(tǒng)的失戀歌謠尋找素材轉(zhuǎn)為探索人們內(nèi)心深處的焦慮與憂愁，以這種歌唱形式和內(nèi)容來傳頌人們生活中宿命的力量和所有難以忘卻的美麗。
由于Rodrigues的經(jīng)理人認(rèn)為她的國(guó)內(nèi)歌迷如果買了她的唱片，將不會(huì)再去觀看她的演出，因此1951年以前Rodregues都沒有在葡萄牙錄制唱片，在轉(zhuǎn)到Valentim DE Carvalho公司以前她只在Melodia廠牌錄制很少一部分唱片，隨后二戰(zhàn)期間，她開始在南美洲以外的國(guó)家巡回演出，1955年以專輯 Coimbra進(jìn)入國(guó)際暢銷專輯排行榜，并錄制了法國(guó)奧林匹亞劇院的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)專輯等，在她的一生中，Rodrigues錄制了超過170張專輯并出演了一些電影，即使在60年代Fado已經(jīng)開始日漸甚微時(shí)，Rodrigues依然是一個(gè)非常有影響力的藝人。在她70歲生日的時(shí)候她還繼續(xù)巡回演出，在一次手術(shù)后她才開始正式退休，在她生命中的最后幾年Rodregues過著隱者一樣低調(diào)的生活，1998年她在里斯本博覽會(huì)的開幕式上最后一次出現(xiàn)在公眾面前以后， 1999年10月6日Amalia Rodrigues去世，去世時(shí)79歲，一接到Rodrigues去世的消息，葡萄牙的前首相Antonio Guterres宣布全國(guó)哀悼三天，贊美她是“葡萄牙的聲音”。
The unrivaled queen of the Portuguese fado, singer Amália Rodrigues was born in Lisbons Alfama district in 1920; one of ten children, she was abandoned by her mother at the age of one and raised by her grandmother, spending her formative years selling produce on the streets and working as a seamstress. Against the wishes of her family, as a teen Rodrigues performed as a tango dancer, and at 19 she made her professional singing debut alongside her sister, Celeste, at the fashionable Lisbon nightspot Retiro da Severa.
Within a year she was a star, selling out clubs every night; in 1944, she traveled to Brazil, drawing huge crowds during her stay at the Copacabana Casino and later returning to Rio de Janeiro to make her first recordings. Rodrigues not only popularized the fado throughout South America, she reinvented it — brilliantly fusing the urban and rural styles of Lisbon and Coimbra, she also sought out material that moved far beyond the traditional tales of failed romance to explore instead the deepest crises of the soul and spirit, delivering performances unmatched in their fatalistic power and haunting beauty.
Because Rodrigues manager, José de Melo, believed her native fans would stop attending her live appearances if they could buy her recordings, she did not enter a Portuguese recording studio until 1951, issuing a handful of sides on the Melodia label before moving to the Valentim de Carvalho imprint the following year. In the wake of World War II she began touring outside of South America, and scored an international hit in 1956 with Coimbra, recorded live at Paris Olympia Theatre.
In all, Rodrigues recorded upwards of 170 albums and even appeared in a number of feature films, retaining her drawing power even after the popularity of fado itself began to dissipate during the 1960s. She continued touring well past her 70th birthday, entering retirement only after undergoing surgery; she spent the final years of her life as a recluse, making her final public appearance at the opening of Lisbons Expo in 1998. Rodrigues died October 6, 1999, at the age of 79; upon receiving news of her passing, Portuguese Prime Minister Antonio Guterres ordered three days of national mourning, declaring her the Voice of Portugal.